This book presents a picture of the advances in the research of theoretical and practical frameworks of wastewater problems and solutions. The book deals with a basic concept and principles of modern biological, chemical and technical approaches to remediate various hazardous pollutants from wastewater. The latest empirical research findings in wastewater treatment are comprehensively discussed. Examples of low-cost technologies are also included.The book is written for professionals, researchers, academics and students wanting to improve their understanding of the strategic role of environmental protection and advanced applied technologies.

Rapid industrialization and urbanization cause water pollution and release several genotoxic and carcinogenic compounds into the water. This is a subject of serious concern and the attention of environmentalists around the world has been increased in recent years. Several techniques have been proposed for efficient wastewater treatment, most of them presenting some limitations such as poor capacity, generate waste products, incomplete mineralization or high operating cost. Nowadays aerobic granulation treatments are considered to be the most effective route. Aerobic granulation is a process of microbial cell self-immobilization, resulting in to a cell-structured shape characterized by dense biomass. The work includes cultivation of aerobic granules based on toxic substrate (2-chlorophenol; 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) in presence or absence of any co-substrate (glucose/acetate). Various parameters such as chlorphenol removal, COD removal, MLVSS, optical density etc have been monitored. Further the pathway, kinetics and toxicity during biodegradation of toxic chlorophenols have also been studied.